KP 2

EST: KP2. Tiigi 15 

Kõige kauem – ligi 32 aastat – asus Tartu Ülikooli Meteoroloogia Observatoorium (Metobs) praeguses Tiigi seltsimajas aadressil Tiigi 11. See maja (tolleaegsel aadressil Tiigi 15) kuulus teoloogiaprofessor Alexander von Oettingenile, Metobsi direktori Arthur von Oettingeni vennale. Seal tehti vaatlusi 1. jaanuarist 1893 kuni 1925. aastani. 

Vaatlustingimused ja tööruumid olid tunduvalt paremad kui eelmises kohas aadressil Tiigi 1. Maja ülemine korrus ja põhjapoolsel küljel asuv torn olid täielikult Metobsi käsutuses. Torn oli ümbritsevatest puudest kõrgemal ja sealt avanes vaba vaade horisondini. Majas oli mitu ruumi mõõteriistadele, direktori ja tema abiliste tööruumid. Hiljem anti mõni tuba vaatlejatele korteriteks. 

1893. aasta suvel tuli professor Oettingenil ülikoolist ja Metobsi direktori kohalt lahkuda, sest algas üleminek venekeelsele õppele. Tema asemele määrati vürst Boris Golitsõn, kes aga samuti poole aasta pärast lahkus. Seejärel sai füüsilise geograafia ja meteoroloogia kateedri juhatajaks ja Metobsi direktoriks professor Boriss Sreznevski, kes jäi sellele ametikohale kuni Tartu Ülikooli evakueerumiseni Voroneži esimese maailmasõja ajal. 

Boriss Sreznevski (31.03.1857–24.03.1934) oli vene meteoroloog, Tartu Ülikooli füüsilise geograafia ja meteoroloogia professor ning Metobsi direktor aastatel 1894–1918. Tema juhtimisel alustati Tartus päikesekiirguse mõõtmisi ja kõrgemate õhukihtide uurimist meteorograafide (ilmasondide) abil. 

Laiemat tuntust tõid teadlasele tööd sünoptilise meteoroloogia vallas. Näiteks võttis ta esimesena kasutusele külmalaine mõiste. Kliimauurimuste eest anti Sreznevskile Vene Geograafiaühingu väike kuldmedal. Hiljem töötas ta Kiievi Meteoroloogia Observatooriumi direktorina ja oli Ukraina Teaduste Akadeemia akadeemik. 

Pärast professor Sreznevski lahkumist juhtis Metobsi tööd mitu ülikooli õppejõudu, 1918. aasta sügisel aga isegi kuulus saksa geofüüsik Alfred Wegener. 

Boriss Sreznevski  

 Vikipeedia (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boriss_Sreznevski) 

Alexander von Oettingeni villa, mille torni otsast paistavad ilmamõõtmisseadmed 

Teadmata fotograaf. Tartu Ülikooli raamatukogu 

(https://dspace.ut.ee/items/086287a2-f930-48b2-8884-7d8d3a8cb404) 

ENG: CP2. Tiigi 15 

For the longest period, nearly 32 years, the University of Tartu Meteorological Observatory (Metobs) operated at Tiigi 11, the current cultural centre Tiigi Seltsimaja. The building (with the former address Tiigi 15) belonged to Professor of Theology Alexander von Oettingen, the brother of the Director of Metobs Arthur von Oettingen. At that site, observations were done from 1 January 1893 until 1925. 

The observation conditions and the premises were significantly better than at the previous location at Tiigi 1. The upper floor and the tower at the building’s northern side were fully at Metobs’ disposal. The tower was higher than the surrounding trees, offering an unobstructed view of the horizon. There were several rooms for instruments as well as offices for the director and his assistants. Later, some rooms were given to observers as tied accommodation. 

In summer 1893, Professor Oettingen had to leave the university and the position of director of Metobs due to transition to Russian-language teaching. He was replaced by Prince Boris Golitsyn, who, however, left after six months. After him, Professor Boris Sreznevsky became the Head of the Chair of Physical Geography and Meteorology and the Director of Metobs. He remained in this position until the University of Tartu was evacuated to Voronezh during World War I. 

Boris Sreznevsky (31 March 1857 – 24 March 1934) was a Russian meteorologist, Professor of Physical Geography and Meteorology of the University of Tartu and Director of Metobs from 1894–1918. Under his leadership, solar radiation measurements were initiated in Tartu, along with the study of higher atmospheric layers using meteorographs (weather sondes). 

The scientist gained wider recognition for his work in the field of synoptic meteorology. For example, he was the first to introduce the concept of a cold wave. For his climate research, Sreznevsky was awarded the small gold medal of the Russian Geographical Society. Later, he worked as the Director of the Kyiv Meteorological Observatory and was a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. 

After Professor Sreznevsky, Metobs was led by several teaching staff members of the university, including even the renowned German geophysicist Alfred Wegener in autumn 1918. 

Boris Sreznevsky  

 Estonian Wikipedia (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boriss_Sreznevski) 

Villa of Alexander von Oettingen, with weather observation instruments visible on the tower 

Unknown photographer. University of Tartu Library 

(https://dspace.ut.ee/items/086287a2-f930-48b2-8884-7d8d3a8cb404)