KP12

EST:

Rootsi-aegsed kindlustustööd
Pildiallkiri: Tartusse kavandatud bastionid umbes 1697. aastal. Kõiki neid valmis ehitada ei jõutud (Rootsi Riigiarhiiv)

17. sajandi teisel poole ulatuslike kindlustustööde käigus hakati Toomemäe kuju muutma selliseks, nagu me näeme seda tänapäeval. Rootsi riigi Läänemere provintside positsioon Vene riigi vahetus naabruses oli haavatav, mistõttu alustati 17. sajandi teisel poolel kindlustussüsteemide moderniseerimist. Ümber Toomemäe püstitati suurejoonelised muldkindlustused – bastionid –, millest neli on nähtavad ka tänapäeval. Need said nimed Rootsi valitsejate Karl IX, Karl X Gustavi, Gustav II Adolfi ja Karl XI järgi. Plaanis oli üles ehitada ka Toomelinn ja toomkirik ning püstitada Toomele kasarmud.
Kindlusehitise üheks osaks olid ka kasematid – pommi- ja mürsukindlad siseruumid, mis olid mõeldud lao- ja luureotstarbeks, aga ka ühest kindlustuse otsast teise liikumiseks. Kunagisi poterne ehk maa-aluseid võlvruume leiab Toomelt ka praegu, kuigi mitu neist on muudetud siin asuvate hoonete keldriruumideks.

ENG:

Fortifications from the Swedish era 
Bastions planned to be built in Tartu in c. 1697. Not all of them were completed (National Archives of
Sweden) 
Extensive fortifications in the second half of the 17th century began to transform the shape of
Toome Hill into what we see today. The Baltic provinces of Sweden were in a vulnerable position due
to the immediate vicinity of Russia, so the modernisation of fortification systems began in the
second half of the 17th century. Imposing dirt fortifications – bastions – were constructed around
Toome Hill, four of which can still be seen today. These were named after the Swedish kings Charles
IX, Charles X Gustaf, Gustav II Adolf and Charles XI. There were also plans to build up the city on
Toome Hill, complete the cathedral and erect barracks. 
Part of the fortifications were casemates – bomb- and shell-proof rooms designed for storage and
surveillance purposes and for moving from one end of the fortification to the other. Former
posterns, or underground vaults, can still be found on Toome Hill today, although several have been
converted into cellars of surrounding buildings.